This research comprises two separate streams. The first stream aims to develop models and analytical methods to improve healthcare delivery and inform health policy. Specific topics include developing optimal payment schedules to incentivize adherence to tuberculosis treatment, developing propensity score-based methods of causally estimating medication effects using observational data, and estimating the economic cost of physician burnout. The second stream aims to investigate issues around supply chain efficiency, with a particular focus on modern supply chain models empowered by digital technology. Specific topics include understanding the role of sequential product concealment and revelation in assortment planning, understanding the role that digitally-enabled supply chain intermediators play in the context of an agricultural supply chain operating in a developing economy, and understanding the role that a digitally-enabled on-demand workforce can play in last-mile delivery operations.